U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

Industrial Technologies Program

Full Assessment Recommendations Codes (ARC) List

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2	ENERGY MANAGEMENT					92,917
	2.1	Combustion Systems				6,157
		2.11	Furnaces, Ovens And Directly Fired Operations			1,107
			2.111	Operations		249
				2.1111	Control Pressure On Steamer Operations	19
				2.1112	Heat Oil To Proper Temperature For Good Atomization	1
				2.1113	Reduce Combustion Air Flow To Optimum	118
				2.1114	Limit And Control Secondary Combustion Air In Furnace	18
				2.1115	Eliminate Combustible Gas In Flue Gas	6
				2.1116	Improve Combustion Control Capability	76
				2.1117	Relocate Oven / Furnace To More Efficient Location	11
			2.112	Hardware		385
				2.1121	Use Insulation In Furnaces To Facilitate Heating / Cooling	78
				2.1122	Re-size Charging Openings Or Add A Movable Door On Equipment	52
				2.1123	Install Automatic Stack Damper	245
				2.1124	Replace Direct Fired With Steam Heat	2
				2.1125	Convert To Oxyfuel Burners	4
			2.113	Maintenance		475
				2.1131	Repair Faulty Insulation In Furnaces, Boilers, Etc	204
				2.1132	Repair Faulty Louvers And Dampers	5
				2.1133	Adjust Burners For Efficient Operation	183
				2.1134	Eliminate Leaks In Combustible Gas Lines	11
				2.1135	Repair Furnaces And Oven Doors So That They Seal Efficiently	72
		2.12	Boilers			3,301
			2.121	Operation		384
				2.1211	Move Boiler To More Efficient Location	19
				2.1212	Operate Boilers On High Fire Setting	51
				2.1213	Direct Warmest Air To Combustion Intake	314
			2.122	Hardware		413
				2.1221	Replace Obsolete Burners With More Efficient Ones	107
				2.1222	Install Turbulators	138
				2.1223	Install Smaller Boiler (increase High Fire Duty Cycle)	49
				2.1224	Replace Boiler	119
			2.123	Maintenance		2,312
				2.1231	Establish Burner Maintenance Schedule For Boilers	80
				2.1232	Keep Boiler Tubes Clean	99
				2.1233	Analyze Flue Gas For Proper Air/fuel Ratio	2,131
			2.124	Blowdown		193
				2.1241	Reduce Excessive Boiler Blowdown	44
				2.1242	Minimize Boiler Blowdown With Better Feedwater Treatment	24
				2.1243	Use Heat From Boiler Blowdown To Preheat Boiler Feed Water	125
		2.13	Fuel Switching			1,749
			2.131	Electric To Fossil Fuel		1,387
				2.1311	Replace Electrically-operated Equipment With Fossil Fuel Equipment	1,387
			2.132	Fossil Fuel To Electric		86
				2.1321	Replace Fossil Fuel Equipment With Electrical Equipment	64
				2.1322	Use Electric Heat In Place Of Fossil Fuel Heating System	20
				2.1323	Replace Gas-fired Absorption Air Conditioners With Electric Units	2
			2.133	Alternate Fuel		245
				2.1331	Burn A Less Expensive Grade Of Fuel	117
				2.1332	Convert Combustion Equipment To Burn Natural Gas	74
				2.1333	Convert Combustion Equipment To Burn Oil	18
				2.1334	Convert Oil Or Gas Burners To Combustion Of Coal	3
				2.1335	Replace Gasoline With Diesel, Lpg, Or Natural Gas	13
				2.1336	Install Equipment To Utilize Waste Fuel	18
			2.139	Miscellaneous		32
				2.1391	Replace Purchased Steam With Electric Heating	1
				2.1392	Replace Purchased Steam With Other Energy Source	20
				2.1393	Use Steam Sparging Or Injections In Place Of Indirect Heating	7
				2.1394	Replace Steam Jets On Vacuum System With Electric Motor Driven Vacuum Pumps	4
	2.2	Thermal Systems				13,896
		2.21	Steam			3,035
			2.211	Traps		289
				2.2111	Install Steam Trap	23
				2.2112	Use Correct Size Steam Traps	2
				2.2113	Repair Or Replace Steam Traps	254
				2.2114	Shut Off Steam Traps On Super Heated Steam Lines When Not In Use	10
			2.212	Condensate		655
				2.2121	Increase Amount Of Condensate Returned	237
				2.2122	Install / Repair Insulation On Condensate Lines	295
				2.2123	Insulate Feedwater Tank	81
				2.2124	Install De-aerator In Place Of Condensate Tank	12
				2.2125	Replace Barometric Condensers With Surface Condensers	0
				2.2126	Lower Operating Pressure Of Condenser (steam)	3
				2.2127	Flash Condensate To Produce Lower Pressure Steam	16
				2.2128	Use Steam Condensate For Hot Water Supply (non-potable)	11
			2.213	Leaks And Insulation		1,834
				2.2131	Insulate Steam / Hot Water Lines	1,148
				2.2132	Repair Faulty Insulation On Steam Lines	12
				2.2133	Repair Leaks In Lines And Valves	399
				2.2134	Eliminate Leaks In High Pressure Reducing Stations	1
				2.2135	Repair And Eliminate Steam Leaks	272
			2.214	Distillation		5
				2.2141	Operate Distillation Columns Efficiently	2
				2.2142	Upgrade Distillation Hardware	3
			2.215	Maintenance		51
				2.2151	Clean Steam Coils In Processing Tanks	1
				2.2152	Maintain Steam Jets Used For Vacuum System	3
				2.2153	Close Off Unneeded Steam Lines	47
			2.216	Operations		178
				2.2161	Optimize Operation Of Multi-stage Vacuum Steam Jets	3
				2.2162	Reduce Excess Steam Bleeding	24
				2.2163	Use Minimum Steam Operating Pressure	138
				2.2164	Turn Off Steam Tracing During Mild Weather	11
				2.2165	Substitute Air For Steam To Atomize Oil	2
			2.219	Miscellaneous		24
				2.2191	Substitute Hot Process Fluids For Steam	19
				2.2192	Use Heat Exchange Fluids Instead Of Steam In Pipeline Tracing Systems	5
		2.22	Heating			203
			2.221	Operation		136
				2.2211	Use Optimum Temperature	83
				2.2212	Use Minimum Safe Oven Ventilation	51
			2.222	Hardware		69
				2.2221	Use Immersion Heating In Tanks, Melting Pots, Etc	18
				2.2222	Convert Liquid Heaters From Underfiring To Immersion Or Submersion Heating	5
				2.2223	Enhance Sensitivity Of Temperature Control And Cutoff	44
		2.23	Heat Treating			66
			2.231	General		66
				2.2311	Heat Treat Parts Only To Required Specifications Or Standards	9
				2.2312	Minimize Non-essential Material In Heat Treatment Process	16
				2.2313	Use Batch Firing With Kiln "furniture" Specifically Designed	3
				2.2314	Replace Heat Treating Oven With More Efficient Unit	38
		2.24	Heat Recovery			5,160
			2.241	Flue Gas Recuperation		1,265
				2.2411	Use Waste Heat From Hot Flue Gases To Preheat Combustion Air	901
				2.2412	Use Flue Gas Heat To Preheat Boiler Feedwater	361
				2.2413	Use Hot Flue Gases To Preheat Wastes For Incinerator Boiler	3
			2.242	Flue Gas - Other Uses		419
				2.2421	Install Waste Heat Boiler To Provide Direct Power	9
				2.2422	Use Waste Heat From Hot Flue Gases To Generate Steam	43
				2.2423	Install Waste Heat Boiler To Produce Steam	9
				2.2424	Use Heat In Flue Gases To Preheat Products Or Materials	88
				2.2425	Use Flue Gases To Heat Process Or Service Water	84
				2.2426	Use Waste Heat From Flue Gases To Heat Space Conditioning Air	91
				2.2427	Use Waste Heat From Hot Flue Gases To Preheat Incoming Fluids	61
				2.2428	Use Flue Gases In Radiant Heater For Space Heating, Ovens, Etc	34
			2.243	Heat Recovery From Specific Equipment		2,430
				2.2431	Recover Heat From Transformers	6
				2.2432	Recover Heat From Oven Exhaust / Kilns	238
				2.2433	Recover Heat From Engine Exhausts	13
				2.2434	Recover Heat From Air Compressor	1,248
				2.2435	Recover Heat From Compressed Air Dryers	9
				2.2436	Recover Heat From Refrigeration Condensers	106
				2.2437	Recover Waste Heat From Equipment	810
			2.244	Other Process Waste Heat		933
				2.2441	Preheat Boiler Makeup Water With Waste Process Heat	120
				2.2442	Preheat Combustion Air With Waste Heat	131
				2.2443	Re-use Or Recycle Hot Or Cold Process Exhaust Air	253
				2.2444	Use Hot Process Fluids To Preheat Incoming Process Fluids	181
				2.2445	Recover Heat From Exhausted Steam	46
				2.2446	Recover Heat From Hot Waste Water	121
				2.2447	Heat Water With Exhaust Heat	81
			2.249	Miscellaneous		113
				2.2491	Use Cooling Air Which Cools Hot Work Pieces For Space Heating	31
				2.2492	Use "heat Wheel" Or Other Heat Exchanger To Cross-exchange Building Exhaust Air With Make-up Air	63
				2.2493	Use Recovered Heat From Lighting Fixtures For Useful Purpose	0
				2.2494	Recover Heat In Domestic Hot Water Going To Drain	15
				2.2495	Use Exhaust Heat From Building For Snow And Ice Removal	2
				2.2496	Heat Service Hot Water With Air Conditioning Equipment	2
		2.25	Heat Containment			4,200
			2.251	Insulation		3,781
				2.2511	Insulate Bare Equipment	3,087
				2.2512	Increase Insulation Thickness	211
				2.2513	Cover Open Tanks With Floating Insulation	161
				2.2514	Cover Open Tanks	237
				2.2515	Use Optimum Thickness Insulation	71
				2.2516	Use Economic Thickness Of Insulation For Low Temperatures	14
			2.252	Isolation		184
				2.2521	Isolate Steam Lines To Avoid Heating Air Conditioned Areas	8
				2.2522	Isolate Hot Or Cold Equipment	66
				2.2523	Reduce Infiltration To Refrigerated Areas; Isolate Hot Equipment From Refrigerated Areas	85
				2.2524	Avoid Cooling Of Process Streams Or Materials That Must Subsequently Be Heated	12
				2.2525	Eliminate Cooling Of Process Streams Which Subsequently Must Be Heated And Vice Versa	13
			2.253	Infiltration		235
				2.2531	Re-size Charging Openings Or Add Movable Cover Or Door	158
				2.2532	Use Only Amount Of Air Necessary To Prevent Explosion Hazard	71
				2.2533	Replace Air Curtain Doors With Solid Doors	6
		2.26	Cooling			1,175
			2.261	Cooling Towers		382
				2.2611	Moderate Cooling Tower Outlet Temperature	34
				2.2612	Use Cooling Tower Water Instead Of Refrigeration	93
				2.2613	Use Antifreeze In Cooling Towers To Allow Winter Use	0
				2.2614	Use Cooling Tower Or Economizer To Replace Chiller Cooling	246
				2.2615	Clean Condenser Tubes	7
			2.262	Chillers And Refrigeration		671
				2.2621	Modify Refrigeration System To Operate At A Lower Pressure	226
				2.2622	Replace Existing Chiller With High Efficiency Model	107
				2.2623	Minimize Condenser Cooling Water Temperature	32
				2.2624	Use Cold Waste Water To Cool Chiller Feed Water	9
				2.2625	Chill Water To The Highest Temperature Possible	91
				2.2626	Avoid Frost Formation On Evaporators	15
				2.2627	Use Multiple-effect Evaporators	4
				2.2628	Utilize A Less Expensive Cooling Method	187
			2.269	Miscellaneous		123
				2.2691	Shut Off Cooling If Cold Outside Air Will Cool Process	40
				2.2692	Use Outside Cold Water Source As A Supply Of Cooling Water	26
				2.2693	Use Waste Heat Steam For Absorption Refrigeration	10
				2.2694	Use Highest Temperature For Chilling Or Cold Storage	32
				2.2695	Use Cascade System Of Recirculating During Cold Weather To Avoid Sub-cooling	3
				2.2696	Use Excess Cold Process Fluid For Industrial Cooling Needs	12
		2.27	Drying			57
			2.271	Use Of Air		57
				2.2711	Utilize Outside Air Instead Of Conditioned Air For Drying	57
	2.3	Electrical Power				4,566
		2.31	Demand Management			2,333
			2.311	Thermal Energy Storage		41
				2.3111	Heat Water During Off-peak Periods And Store For Later Use	6
				2.3112	Store Heated/ Cooled Water For Use During Peak Demand Periods	11
				2.3113	Make Ice During Off Peak Hours For Cooling	24
			2.313	Scheduling		1,752
				2.3131	Reschedule Plant Operations Or Reduce Load To Avoid Peaks	1,156
				2.3132	Recharge Batteries On During Off-peak Demand Periods	310
				2.3133	Consider Three Or Four Days Around-the-clock Operation Rather Than One Or Two Shifts Per Day	8
				2.3134	Shift From Daytime To Nighttime Operation	105
				2.3135	Schedule Routine Maintenance During Non-operating Periods	19
				2.3136	Overlap Custodial Services With Normal Day Hours	17
				2.3137	Use Power During Off-peak Periods	137
			2.319	Miscellaneous		540
				2.3191	Use Demand Controller Or Load Shedder	494
				2.3192	Use Fossil Fuel Powered Generator During Peak Demand Periods	46
		2.32	Power Factor			1,672
			2.321	General		1,670
				2.3211	Use Power Factor Controllers	404
				2.3212	Optimize Plant Power Factor	1,266
		2.33	Generation Of Power			58
			2.331	Dc		25
				2.3311	Replace Dc Equipment With Ac Equipment	8
				2.3312	Install Efficient Rectifiers	17
			2.332	Ac		33
				2.3321	Use Steam Pressure Reduction To Generate Power	22
				2.3322	Use Existing Dam To Generate Electricity	10
				2.3323	Install Emissions Controls To Increase Capacity	1
		2.34	Cogeneration			380
			2.341	General		380
				2.3411	Replace Electric Motors With Back Pressure Steam Turbines And Use Exhaust Steam For Process Heat	13
				2.3412	Use Waste Heat To Produce Steam To Drive A Steam Turbine-generator	53
				2.3413	Burn Fossil Fuel To Produce Steam To Drive A Steam Turbine-generator And Use Steam Exhaust For Heat	40
				2.3414	Burn Waste To Produce Steam To Drive A Steam Turbine Generator Set And Use Steam Exhaust For Heat	40
				2.3415	Use A Fossil Fuel Engine To Cogenerate Electricity Or Motive Power; And Utilize Heat	165
				2.3416	Use Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Generator Sets With Waste Heat Boilers Connected To Turbine Exhaust	35
				2.3417	Use Waste Heat With A Closed-cycle Gas Turbine-generator Set To Cogenerate Electricity And Heat	34
		2.35	Transmission			123
			2.351	Transformers		112
				2.3511	Use Plant Owned Transformers Or Lease Transformers	78
				2.3512	De-energize Excess Transformer Capacity	30
				2.3513	Consider Power Loss As Well As Initial Loads And Load Growth In Down-sizing Transformers	4
			2.352	Conductor Size		11
				2.3521	Reduce Load On Electrical Conductor To Reduce Heating Losses	5
				2.3522	Increase Electrical Conductor Size To Reduce Distribution Losses	6
	2.4	Motor Systems				30,286
		2.41	Motors			11,246
			2.411	Operation		3,817
				2.4111	Utilize Energy-efficient Belts And Other Improved Mechanisms	3,758
				2.4112	Install Soft-start To Eliminate Nuisance Trips	35
				2.4113	Install Motor Voltage Controller On Lightly Loaded Motors	24
			2.413	Hardware		5,157
				2.4131	Replace Over-size Motors And Pumps With Optimum Size	157
				2.4132	Size Electric Motors For Peak Operating Efficiency	59
				2.4133	Use Most Efficient Type Of Electric Motors	4,920
				2.4134	Replace Electric Motor With Fossil Fuel Engine	19
			2.414	Motor System Drives		1,917
				2.4141	Use Multiple Speed Motors Or Afd For Variable Pump, Blower And Compressor Loads	1,415
				2.4142	Use Adjustable Frequency Drive To Replace Motor-generator Set	75
				2.4143	Use Adjustable Frequency Drive To Replace Throttling System	172
				2.4144	Use Adjustable Frequency Drive To Replace Mechanical Drive	252
				2.4145	Install Isolation Transformer On Adjustable Frequency Drive	3
			2.415	Motor Maintenance/repair		356
				2.4151	Develop A Repair/replace Policy	242
				2.4152	Use Only Certified Motor Repair Shops	0
				2.4153	Avoid Emergency Rewind Of Motors	1
				2.4154	Avoid Rewinding Motors More Than Twice	7
				2.4155	Standardize Motor Inventory	2
				2.4156	Establish A Preventative Maintenance Program	23
				2.4157	Establish A Predictive Maintenance Program	81
		2.42	Air Compressors			16,608
			2.422	Hardware		5,582
				2.4221	Install Compressor Air Intakes In Coolest Locations	4,519
				2.4222	Install Adequate Dryers On Air Lines To Eliminate Blowdown	83
				2.4223	Install Direct Acting Units In Place Of Compressed Air Pressure System In Safety System	21
				2.4224	Upgrade Controls On Compressors	390
				2.4225	Install Common Header On Compressors	36
				2.4226	Use / Purchase Optimum Sized Compressor	481
				2.4227	Use Compressor Air Filters	48
			2.423	Operations		11,028
				2.4231	Reduce The Pressure Of Compressed Air To The Minimum Required	3,299
				2.4232	Eliminate Or Reduce Compressed Air Used For Cooling, Agitating Liquids, Moving Product, Or Drying	983
				2.4233	Eliminate Permanently The Use Of Compressed Air	172
				2.4234	Cool Compressor Air Intake With Heat Exchanger	40
				2.4235	Remove Or Close Off Unneeded Compressed Air Lines	100
				2.4236	Eliminate Leaks In Inert Gas And Compressed Air Lines/ Valves	6,372
				2.4237	Substitute Compressed Air Cooling With Water Or Air Cooling	33
				2.4238	Do Not Use Compressed Air For Personal Cooling	29
		2.43	Other Equipment			2,430
			2.431	Operations		1,437
				2.4311	Recover Mechanical Energy	21
				2.4312	Improve Lubrication Practices	556
				2.4313	Provide Proper Maintenance / Of Motor Driven Equipment	8
				2.4314	Use Synthetic Lubricant	852
			2.432	Hardware		993
				2.4321	Upgrade Obsolete Equipment	114
				2.4322	Use Or Replace With Energy Efficient Substitutes	548
				2.4323	Use Optimum Size And Capacity Equipment	213
				2.4324	Replace Hydraulic / Pneumatic Equipment With Electric Equipment	104
				2.4325	Upgrade Conveyors	14
	2.5	Industrial Design				402
		2.51	Systems			402
			2.511	Thermal		63
				2.5111	Convert From Indirect To Direct Fired Systems	35
				2.5112	Use Continuous Equipment Which Retains Process Heating Conveyors Within The Heated Chamber	2
				2.5113	Use Direct Flame Impingement Or Infrared Processing For Chamber Type Heating	11
				2.5114	Use Shaft Type Furnaces For Preheating Incoming Material	2
				2.5115	Reposition Oven Walls To Reduce Heated Space	9
				2.5116	Use Excess Cold Process Fluid For Industrial Cooling Needs	2
				2.5117	Convert To Indirect Temperature Control System	2
			2.512	Mechanical		124
				2.5121	Redesign Flow To Minimize Mass Transfer Length	21
				2.5122	Replace High Resistance Ducts, Pipes, And Fittings	14
				2.5123	Reduce Fluid Flow Rates	69
				2.5124	Use Gravity Feeds Wherever Possible	6
				2.5125	Size Air Handling Grills/ Duct/s Coils To Minimize Air Resistance	14
			2.519	Miscellaneous		215
				2.5191	Modify Dye Beck	23
				2.5192	Modify Textile Dryers	30
				2.5193	Convert From Batch To Continuous Operation	2
				2.5194	Redesign Process	122
				2.5195	Change Product Design To Reduce Energy Requirements	22
				2.5196	Use Small Number Of High Output Units Instead Of Many Small Inefficient Units	16
				2.5197	Avoid Electrically-powered Animated Displays	0
	2.6	Operations				4,762
		2.61	Maintenance			475
			2.612	General		476
				2.6121	Reduce Hot Water Temperature To The Minimum Required	315
				2.6122	Adjust Vents To Minimize Energy Use	29
				2.6123	Remove Unneeded Service Lines To Eliminate Potential Leaks	4
				2.6124	Establish Equipment Maintenance Schedule	70
				2.6125	Keep Equipment Clean	24
				2.6126	Keep Solid Fuels / Raw Materials Dry	7
				2.6127	Maintain Air Filters By Cleaning Or Replacement	25
		2.62	Equipment Control			4,287
			2.621	Equipment Use Reduction		2,476
				2.6211	Conserve Energy By Efficient Use Of Vending Machines	165
				2.6212	Turn Off Equipment During Breaks, Reduce Operating Time	837
				2.6213	Turn Off Steam / Hot Water Lines Leading To Space Heating Units	11
				2.6214	Shut Off Pilots In Standby Equipment	127
				2.6215	Shut Off Air Conditioning In Winter Heating Season	7
				2.6216	Shut Off Cooling Water When Not Required	23
				2.6217	Shut Off All Laboratory Fume Hoods When Not In Use	15
				2.6218	Turn Off Equipment When Not In Use	1,291
			2.622	Equipment Scheduling		341
				2.6221	Use Most Efficient Equipment At It's Maximum Capacity And Less Efficient Equipment Only When Necessary	249
				2.6222	Use Drying Oven (batch Type) On Alternate Days Or Other Optimum Schedule To Run Equipment With Full Loads	58
				2.6223	Schedule Use Of Elevators To Conserve Energy	9
				2.6224	Schedule Baking Times Of Small And Large Components	12
				2.6225	Eliminate Third Shift	6
				2.6226	Optimize Filtration Cleaning / Replacement To Minimize Air Resistance	5
			2.623	Equipment Automation		1,352
				2.6231	Utilize Controls To Operate Equipment Only When Needed	437
				2.6232	Install Set-back Timers	913
			2.624	Load Reduction		120
				2.6241	Reduce Temperature Of Process Equipment When On Standby	31
				2.6242	Minimize Operation Of Equipment Maintained In Standby Condition	89
	2.7	Building And Grounds				30,369
		2.71	Lighting			21,573
			2.711	Level		1,755
				2.7111	Reduce Illumination To Minimum Necessary Levels	1,612
				2.7112	Reduce Exterior Illumination To Minimum Safe Level	143
			2.712	Operation		1,751
				2.7121	Utilize Daylight Whenever Possible In Lieu Of Artificial Light	443
				2.7122	Disconnect Ballasts	274
				2.7123	Keep Lamps And Reflectors Clean	182
				2.7124	Make A Practice Of Turning Off Lights When Not Needed	852
			2.713	Controls		4,081
				2.7131	Add Area Lighting Switches	139
				2.7132	Install Timers On Light Switches In Little Used Areas	203
				2.7133	Use Separate Switches On Perimeter Lighting Which May Be Turned Off When Natural Light Is Available	191
				2.7134	Use Photocell Controls	649
				2.7135	Install Occupancy Sensors	2,899
			2.714	Hardware		13,989
				2.7141	Lower Light Fixtures In High Ceiling Areas	107
				2.7142	Utilize Higher Efficiency Lamps And/or Ballasts	10,219
				2.7143	Use More Efficient Light Source	2,942
				2.7144	Install Spectral Reflectors / Delamp	409
				2.7145	Install Skylights	306
		2.72	Space Conditioning			5,775
			2.721	Maintenance		60
				2.7211	Clean And Maintain Refrigerant Condensers And Towers	22
				2.7212	Install Or Upgrade Insulation On Hvac Distribution Systems	38
			2.722	Operation		1,738
				2.7221	Lower Temperature During The Winter Season And Vice-versa	502
				2.7222	Air Condition Only Space In Use	154
				2.7223	Condition Smallest Space Necessary	76
				2.7224	Reduce Space Conditioning During Non-working Hours	459
				2.7225	Close Outdoor Air Dampers During Warm-up / Cool-down Periods	8
				2.7226	Use Computer Programs To Optimize Hvac Performance	402
				2.7227	Use Water On Air Conditioning Exchanger To Improve Heat Transfer And Increase Air Conditioner Efficiency	19
				2.7228	Avoid Introducing Hot, Humid, Or Dirty Air Into Hvac System	118
			2.723	Hardware - Heating / Cooling		914
				2.7231	Use Radiant Heater For Spot Heating	408
				2.7232	Replace Existing Hvac Unit With High Efficiency Model	358
				2.7233	Use Properly Designed And Sized Hvac Equipment	116
				2.7234	Use Heat Pump For Space Conditioning	25
				2.7235	Install Fossil Fuel Make-up Air Unit	7
			2.724	Hardware - Air Circulation		1,010
				2.7241	Install Outside Air Damper / Economizer On Hvac Unit	295
				2.7242	Change Zone Reheat Coils To Variable Air Volume Boxes	11
				2.7243	Improve Air Circulation With Destratification Fans / Other Methods	614
				2.7244	Revise Smoke Cleanup From Operations	19
				2.7245	Use Direct Air Supply To Exhaust Hoods	71
			2.725	Evaporation		103
				2.7251	Reduce Air Conditioning Load By Evaporating Water From Roof	54
				2.7252	Utilize An Evaporative Air Pre-cooler Or Other Heat Exchanger In Ac System	49
			2.726	Controls		1,850
				2.7261	Install Timers And/or Thermostats	1,807
				2.7262	Separate Controls Of Air Handlers From Ac/ Heating Systems	18
				2.7263	Lower Compressor Pressure Through A/c System Modification	11
				2.7264	Interlock Heating And Air Conditioning Systems To Prevent Simultaneous Operation	14
			2.727	Humidity Control		31
				2.7271	Replace Electric Reheat With Heat Pipes	8
				2.7272	Install Heat Pipes / Raise Cooling Setpoint	8
				2.7273	Install Desiccant Humidity Control System	15
			2.729	Miscellaneous		70
				2.7291	Reschedule And Rearrange Multiple-source Heating Systems	29
				2.7292	Lower Ceiling To Reduce Conditioned Space	31
				2.7293	Install Dry Sprinkler System Or Other Method To Reduce Heating Requirements	8
		2.73	Ventiltion			598
			2.731	General		598
				2.7311	Ventilation System To Shut Off When Room Is Not In Use	25
				2.7312	Minimize Use Of Outside Make-up Air For Ventilation Except When Used For Economizer Cycle	94
				2.7313	Recycle Air For Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning	89
				2.7314	Reduce Ventilation Air	238
				2.7315	Reduce Building Ventilation Air To Minimum Safe Levels	95
				2.7316	Centralize Control Of Exhaust Fans To Ensure Their Shutdown, Or Establish Program To Ensure Manual Shutdown	57
		2.74	Building Envelope			2,423
			2.742	Solar Loading		117
				2.7421	Reduce Glazed Areas In Buildings	30
				2.7422	Plant Trees Or Shrubs Near Windows To Shield From Sunlight	41
				2.7423	Reduce Heat Gain By Window Tinting	12
				2.7424	Shade Windows From Summer Sun	7
				2.7425	Clean Or Color Roof To Reduce Solar Load	27
			2.744	Infiltration		1,534
				2.7441	Replace Broken Windows And/or Window Sash	75
				2.7442	Keep Doors And Windows Shut When Not On Use	108
				2.7443	Air Seals Around Truck Loading Dock Doors	416
				2.7444	Close Holes And Openings In Building Such As Broken Windows	195
				2.7445	Install Weather Stripping On Windows And Doors	305
				2.7446	Utilize Sensors Controlling Roof And Wall Openings	23
				2.7447	Install Vinyl Strip / High Speed / Air Curtain Doors	410
			2.749	Miscellaneous		773
				2.7491	Insulate Glazing, Walls, Ceilings, And Roofs	242
				2.7492	Use Proper Thickness Of Insulation On Building Envelope	310
				2.7493	Use Double Or Triple Glazed Windows To Maintain Higher Relative Humidity And To Reduce Heat Losses	15
				2.7494	Install Storm Windows And Doors	145
				2.7495	Install Replacement Doors	12
				2.7496	Install Partitions To Reduce Size Of Conditioned Space	49
	2.8	Ancillary Costs				2,222
		2.81	Administrative			2,150
			2.811	Utility Costs		1,353
				2.8111	Check For Accuracy Of Utility Meters	48
				2.8112	Combine Utility Meters	222
				2.8113	Purchase Gas Directly From A Contract Gas Supplier	316
				2.8114	Change Rate Schedules Or Other Changes In Utility Service	756
				2.8115	Base Utility Charges On Usage Rather Than Area Occupied	3
				2.8116	Check For Accuracy Of Power Meter	8
			2.812	Fiscal		797
				2.8121	Apply For Tax-free Status For Energy Purchases	572
				2.8122	Use Utility Controlled Power Management	19
				2.8123	Pay Utility Bills On Time	206
		2.82	Shipping, Distribution, And Transportation			72
			2.821	Shipping		18
				2.8211	Consolidate Freight Shipments And/or Deliveries	14
				2.8212	Reduce Delivery Schedules	4
			2.822	Vehicles		54
				2.8221	Consider Intermediate Or Economy Size Autos / Trucks	2
				2.8222	Size Trucks To Job	1
				2.8223	Add Air Shields To Trucks To Increase Fuel Mileage	28
				2.8224	Shut Down Truck Engines While Loading, Unloading, Or Waiting	0
				2.8225	Schedule Regular Maintenance To Maintain Truck Engines	0
				2.8226	Increase Efficiency Of Trucks	15
				2.8227	Adjust / Maintain Fork Lift Trucks For Most Efficient Operation	8
	2.9	Alternative Energy Usage				147
		2.91	General			147
			2.911	Solar		134
				2.9111	Use Solar Heat To Heat Make-up Air	17
				2.9112	Use Solar Heat To Heat Water	46
				2.9113	Use Solar Heat For Heat	10
				2.9114	Use Solar Heat To Make Electricty	59
			2.912	Wind Power		12
				2.9121	Install Wind Powered Electric Generator	10
			2.913	Hydrogen		2
				2.9131	Install Hydrogen Fuel Cell	2
			2.914	Biofuels		1
				2.9141	Install Anaerobic Digester	1
3	WASTE MINIMIZATION / POLLUTION PREVENTION					8,945
	3.1	Operations				959
		3.11	Procedures			872
			3.111	Process Specific		6
				3.1111	Cover Ink Containers When Not In Use	4
				3.1112	Use Dedicated Presses For Each Color	0
				3.1113	Use Glass Marbles To Raise Fluid Levels Of Chemicals To The Brim To Reduce Contact With Atmospheric Oxygen	0
				3.1114	Reuse High Ferrous Metal Dust As Raw Material	0
				3.1115	Order Paint Pigments In Paste Form Instead Of Dry Powder To Eliminate Hazardous Dust Waste	1
				3.1116	Repair / Upgrade Grate Conveyors To Minimize Loss Of Coal Fines	1
			3.112	Material Application		11
				3.1121	Use More Efficient Adhesive Applicators	10
				3.1122	Switch From Automatic To Hand Application	1
			3.113	Stripping		3
				3.1131	Use Mechanical Stripping Methods	3
				3.1132	Use Cryogenic Stripping	0
			3.114	Scheduling		0
				3.1141	Schedule Jobs To Minimize The Need For Cleanup (colors)	0
				3.1142	Schedule Production Runs To Minimize Color Changes	0
			3.115	Desulfurization / Slag Management		4
				3.1151	Treat Desulfurization Slag In A Deep Quench Tank Instead Of Spraying Water Onto An Open Pile To Reduce Air Emissions	0
				3.1152	Use High Quality Scrap (low Sulfur) To Reduce Hazardous Sludge Generation	2
				3.1153	Alter Product Requirements To Eliminate Unnecessary Use Of Desulfurizing Agent (calcium Carbide)	0
				3.1154	Use An Alternative Desulfurizing Agent To Eliminate Hazardous Slag Formation	2
			3.116	Reduction / Elimination		171
				3.1161	Eliminate/reduce An Operation	82
				3.1162	Use Less Wasteful Packaging	59
				3.1163	Use Plastic Pallets Instead Of Wood	30
			3.117	Product Specifications		60
				3.1171	Change Product Specs	6
				3.1172	Revise Raw Material Specs	12
				3.1173	Use A Different Raw Material	20
				3.1174	Use A Recycled Raw Material	22
			3.118	By-product Use		46
				3.1181	Eliminate A By-product	12
				3.1182	Make A New By-product	34
			3.119	Miscellaneous		572
				3.1191	Change Procedures / Equipment / Operating Conditions	416
				3.1192	Reduce Scrap Production	140
				3.1193	Convert From Batch Operation To Continuous Processing	8
				3.1194	Use Automatic Flow Control	5
				3.1195	Use Silhouette Entry Cover To Reduce Evaporation Area	0
				3.1196	Monitor Solutions To Maintain Solution Strength	1
		3.12	Waste Stream Contamination			87
			3.122	Rinsing Strategies		18
				3.1221	Use Reactive Rinsing	2
				3.1222	Reduce Water Use With Counter Current Rinsing	6
				3.1223	Use Fog Nozzles / Spray Rinsing Instead Of Immersion Rinsing	3
				3.1224	Mechanically And Air Agitate Rinse Tanks For Complete Mixing	0
				3.1225	Use A Still Rinse As The Initial Rinsing Stage	0
				3.1226	Use Counter Current Washing In Photo Processors	0
				3.1227	Use Counter-current Rinsing To Reduce Rinse Water Volume (gravure)	7
			3.124	Dragout Reduction		32
				3.1241	Slow Insertion / Withdrawal Of Parts From Degreasing Tank	1
				3.1242	Allow Drainage Before Withdrawing Object	7
				3.1243	Pre-inspect Parts To Prevent Drag-in Of Solvents / Cleaners	0
				3.1244	Reduce Solution Drag-out To Prevent Solution Loss	20
				3.1245	Extend Solution Life By Minimizing Drag-in	2
				3.1246	Lower The Concentration Of Plating Baths	0
				3.1247	Use Drag-out Reduction Methods (gravure)-see Surface Coating	2
			3.129	Miscellaneous		37
				3.1291	Eliminate Practice Of Mixing Waste Streams	25
				3.1292	Develop Segregated Sewer Systems	3
				3.1293	Separate Treatments For Each Type Of Solution And Recycle	7
				3.1294	Segregate Spent Solvents And Reuse In Subsequent Washings	1
				3.1295	Use Squeegees To Prevent Chemical Carry-over	0
				3.1296	Avoid Contamination Of Scrap Glass And Reuse As Feed Stock	1
		3.13	Cad/cam			0
			3.131	General		0
				3.1311	Optimize Dye Design	0
	3.2	Equipment				449
		3.21	General			449
			3.211	Fault Tolerance		13
				3.2111	Install Redundant Equipment To Avoid Losses Caused By Equipment Failure And Routine Maintenance	13
			3.212	Painting Operations		298
				3.2121	Convert To Electrostatic Powder Coating	55
				3.2122	Convert From Water Curtain Spray Booths To A Dry System	3
				3.2123	Convert To High Volume Low Pressure (hvlp) Paint Guns	223
				3.2124	Convert To Air Assisted / Airless Paint Guns	15
			3.213	Process Specific Upgrades		7
				3.2131	Install Mixers On Each Cleaning Tank	0
				3.2132	Increase Freeboard Space / Install Chillers On Vapor Degreasers	0
				3.2133	Eliminate Chem Etching & Plating By Using Alternative Print Technologies(pre Sensitized Litho,plastic Or Photo Polymer,	0
				3.2134	Use High Purity Anodes To Increase Solution Life	1
				3.2135	Extend Solution Life With Filtering Or Carbonate Freezing	4
				3.2136	Use "wash-less" Processing Equipment	2
				3.2137	Use Induction Furnaces Instead Of Electric Arc Or Cupola Furnaces To Reduce Dust And Fumes	0
			3.214	Tank Design		3
				3.2141	Use Cylindrical Tanks With Height To Diameter Ratios Close To One To Reduce Wetted Surface	2
				3.2142	Use Tanks With A Conical Bottom Outlet Section To Reduce Waste Associated With The Interface Of Two Liquids	1
			3.216	System Monitoring		4
				3.2161	Closely Monitor Chemical Additions To Increase Bath Life	3
				3.2162	Install Web Break Detectors To Prevent Excessive Waste Paper	1
				3.2163	Use Ink Water Ratio Sensor	0
			3.217	Automation		125
				3.2171	Use An Automatic Plate Processor	4
				3.2172	Use Automatic Cleaning Equipment	11
				3.2173	Convert To Robotic Painting	2
				3.2174	Automate Ink Mixing	2
				3.2175	Use Automated Plate Benders	0
				3.2176	Increase Use Of Automation	106
	3.3	Post Generation Treatment / Minimization				391
		3.31	General			391
			3.311	Neutralization		16
				3.3111	Adjust Ph For Neutralization	5
				3.3112	Utilize Oxidation/reduction For Neutralization	2
				3.3113	Use Other Methods For Neutralization	9
			3.312	Removal Of Contaminants		198
				3.3121	Use Screening, Magnetic Separation To Remove Contaminants	5
				3.3122	Use Filtration, Centrifuging To Remove Contaminants	77
				3.3123	Use Decanting, Flotation To Remove Contaminants	5
				3.3124	Use Cyclone Separation To Remove Contaminants	2
				3.3125	Use Distillation, Evaporation To Remove Contaminants	35
				3.3126	Use Absorption, Extraction To Remove Contaminants	7
				3.3127	Use Adsorption, Ion Exchange To Remove Contaminants	10
				3.3128	Utilize Other Methods To Remove Contaminants	57
			3.313	Material Concentration		177
				3.3131	Use Evaporation To Concentrate Material	134
				3.3132	Use Reverse Osmosis To Concentrate Material	19
				3.3133	Use Other Waste Concentration Methods	24
	3.4	Water Use				2,027
		3.41	General			2,027
			3.411	Close Cycle Water Use		1,035
				3.4111	Use Closed Cycle Process To Minimize Waste Water Production	268
				3.4112	Recovery Metals From Rinse Water(evap., Ion Exchange, Ro, Electrolysis, Electrodialysis) And Reuse Rinse Water	25
				3.4113	Treat And Reuse Rinse Waters	112
				3.4114	Replace City Water With Recycled Water Via Cooling Tower	163
				3.4115	Recover And Reuse Cooling Water	273
				3.4116	Meter Recycled Water (to Reduce Sewer Charges)	192
			3.413	Water Quality		25
				3.4131	Minimize Contamination Of Water Before Treatment	20
				3.4132	Use Deionized Water In Upstream Rinse Tanks	1
				3.4133	Clean Fouling From Water Lines Regularly	4
			3.414	Water Treatment		35
				3.4141	Replace The Chlorination Stage With An Oxygen Or Ozone Stage	13
				3.4142	Recycle Chlorination Stage Process Water	1
				3.4143	Use Water From The Washing System In The Chlorination Stage	2
				3.4144	Perform High Consistency Gas Phase Chlorination	0
				3.4145	Use Magnetic Technology To Treat Water	18
				3.4146	Change Method Of Deionized Water Production	1
			3.415	Reduction		934
				3.4151	Minimize Water Usage	450
				3.4152	Carefully Control Water Level In Mass Finishing Equipment	2
				3.4153	Use Counter Current Rinsing To Reduce Waste Water	18
				3.4154	Eliminate Leaks In Water Lines And Valves	153
				3.4155	Meter Waste Water	191
				3.4156	Use Flow Control Valves On Equipment To Optimize Water Use	88
				3.4157	Replace Water Cooling On Processes With Air Cooling	23
				3.4158	Use Minimum Cooling Water To Bearings	3
				3.4159	Replace Treated Water With Well / Surface Water	4
	3.5	Recycling				2,789
		3.51	Liquid Waste			210
			3.511	Oil		85
				3.5111	Filter And Reuse Hydraulic Oil	35
				3.5112	Reprocess Spent Oils On Site For Re-use	39
				3.5113	Sell Oil To Recycler	11
			3.512	Ink		30
				3.5121	Recycle Waste Ink And Cleanup Solvent	30
			3.513	White Water		28
				3.5131	Recycle White Water	24
				3.5132	Reuse Rich White Water In Other Applications	4
			3.514	Miscellaneous		67
				3.5141	Recover Dye From Waste Waters	0
				3.5142	Treat And Reuse Equipment Cleaning Solutions	10
				3.5143	Return Spent Solutions To The Manufacturer	5
				3.5144	Recycle Spent Tanning Solution	1
				3.5145	Recover And Reuse Spent Acid Baths	13
				3.5146	Utilize A Central Coolant System For Cleaning And Reuse Of Metal Working Fluid	38
		3.52	Solid Waste			714
			3.521	General		480
				3.5211	Reuse Scrap Glass As Feed Stock	8
				3.5212	Regrind, Reuse, Or Sell Scrap Plastic Parts	185
				3.5213	Reuse Scrap Printed Paper For Make-ready	4
				3.5214	Avoid Contamination Of Flashing / Reject S And Use As Feed Stock	0
				3.5215	Avoid Contamination Of End Pieces And Reuse As Feed Stock	6
				3.5216	Recycle Nonferrous Dust	9
				3.5217	Reuse / Recycle/ Sell Paper Products	239
				3.5218	Reuse / Recycle/ Sell Rubber Products	27
			3.522	Sand		38
				3.5221	Recycle Casting Sand	27
				3.5222	Use Sand For Other Purposes (eg Construction Fill, Cover For Municipal Landfills)	11
			3.524	Metals		197
				3.5241	Sell Used Plates To An Aluminum Recycler	8
				3.5242	Recover Metals From Spent Solutions And Recycle	20
				3.5243	Recycle Film For Silver Recovery	3
				3.5244	Recover Metals From Casting Sand	3
				3.5245	Separate And Recycle Scrap Metal To Foundry	42
				3.5246	Segregate Metals For Sale To A Recycler	121
				3.5247	Separate Iron From Slag And Remelt	0
		3.53	Other Materials			1,865
			3.531	General		1,865
				3.5311	Recover And Reuse Waste Material	262
				3.5312	Salvage And Re-use Process Waste	51
				3.5313	Increase Amount Of Waste Recovered For Resale	312
				3.5314	Use In-process Recycling Whenever Possible	44
				3.5315	Lease / Purchase Baler; Sell Cardboard To Recycler	703
				3.5316	Contract A Wood Pallet Recycling Company	446
				3.5317	Sell / Offer By-product As Animal Feed	26
				3.5318	Recycle Fluorescent Lamps	21
	3.6	Waste Disposal				1,323
		3.61	General			1,323
			3.611	Sludge Maintenance		80
				3.6111	Use Alternative Flocculent To Minimize Sludge Volume	7
				3.6112	Use Filter And Drying Oven To Reduce Sludge Volume	60
				3.6113	Remove Sludge From Tanks On A Regular Basis	6
				3.6114	Use Precipitating Agents In Waste Water Treatment That Produce The Least Quantity Of Waste	7
			3.612	Combustion Of Waste Products		225
				3.6121	Burn Waste Paper For Heat	12
				3.6122	Install Solid Waste Incinerator For Heat	19
				3.6123	Burn Wood By-products For Heat	50
				3.6124	Burn Waste Oil For Heat	117
				3.6125	Sell Combustible Waste	22
				3.6126	Direct Waste Gasses To Boiler Combustion Air	5
			3.619	Miscellaneous		1,018
				3.6191	Return Spent Solutions To The Manufacturer	1
				3.6192	Use A Less Expensive Method Of Waste Removal	379
				3.6193	Install Equipment (eg Compactor) To Reduce Disposal Costs	628
				3.6194	Ship Hydraulic Oil To Secondary Fuel Program	10
	3.7	Maintenance				516
		3.71	Cleaning / Degreasing			341
			3.711	Mechanical Cleaning		7
				3.7111	Use Vacuum For Spill Cleanup Instead Of Absorbent	0
				3.7112	Use Squeegees, Mops, And Vacuums For Floor Cleaning	3
				3.7113	Use Mechanical Wipers For Cleaning Of Vessels	1
				3.7114	Use Squeegees To Recover Clinging Product Prior To Rinsing	0
				3.7115	Clean Lines With "pigs" Instead Of Solvents / Solutions	3
			3.712	Reduction Of Cleaning		25
				3.7121	Improve Handling Practices	17
				3.7122	Maximize Production Runs To Reduce Cleaning	3
				3.7123	Use Continuous Processing	1
				3.7124	Install Dedicated Mixing Equip To Optimize Reuse Of Used Rinseate & To Preclude The Need For Inter-run Cleaning	2
				3.7125	Shorten Paint Lines As Much As Possible	1
				3.7126	Use Peel Coatings On Raw Materials	0
				3.7127	Minimize Part Contamination Before Washing	1
			3.713	Rag Use		153
				3.7131	Use A Rag Recycle Service	46
				3.7132	Reuse Rags Until Completely Soiled	31
				3.7133	Use Rags Sized For Each Job	2
				3.7134	Wash And Reuse Rags On-site	20
				3.7135	Minimize Use Of Rags Through Worker Training	5
				3.7136	Market Waste Materials As Clean-up Rags	0
				3.7137	Replace Cloth Rags With Paper Towels	49
			3.714	Preventive Maintenance		12
				3.7141	Improve Cleaning Efficiency By Maintaining Cleaning System	10
				3.7142	Use Clean In Place (cip) Systems	2
				3.7143	Clean Equipment Immediately After Use	0
			3.719	Miscellaneous		144
				3.7191	Use Water Based Spray Abrasives Instead Of Bar Abrasives	2
				3.7192	Use Dry Cleaning Methods Whenever Possible	0
				3.7193	Use High Pressure Wash Systems	3
				3.7194	Use Disposable Liners In Tanks	0
				3.7195	Use Teflon Lined Tanks	2
				3.7196	Use Re-usable Filters	37
				3.7197	Use Ultrasonic Cleaning	8
				3.7198	Reduce / Eliminate Use Of Disposable Product	92
		3.72	Spillage			109
			3.721	Operations		88
				3.7211	Modify Material Application Methods	16
				3.7212	Improved Material Handling (mixing And Transfer)	27
				3.7213	Use More Efficient Spray Method For Gelcoat Application	2
				3.7214	Reduce Or Eliminate Waste	43
				3.7215	Avoid Inserting Oversized Object To Reduce Piston Effect	0
			3.722	Hardware		21
				3.7221	Improve Process Control To Prevent Spills Of Material	12
				3.7222	Minimize Overflows By Installing Level Controls	2
				3.7223	Install Shrouding On Machines To Prevent Splashing	5
				3.7224	Use Pumps And Piping To Decrease The Frequency Of Spillage During Material Transfer	2
		3.73	Other			66
			3.731	Leak Reduction		54
				3.7311	Maintain Machines With To Reduce Leaks	38
				3.7312	Implement A Regular Maintenance Program To Reduce Emissions From Leaky Valves And Pipe Fittings	14
				3.7313	Eliminate Oxygen Loss	2
			3.739	Miscellaneous		12
				3.7391	Implement A Maintenance Program To Keep Racks And Tanks Free Of Rust, Cracks, Or Corrosion	2
				3.7392	Apply A Protective Coating To Racks And Tanks	5
				3.7393	Implement A Machine And Coolant Sump Cleaning Program To Minimize Coolant Contamination	5
	3.8	Raw Materials				472
		3.81	Solvents			383
			3.811	Use Reduction		9
				3.8111	Maintain Water Separator And Completely Dry Parts To Avoid Water Contamination Of Solvent	1
				3.8112	Use Deionized Water For Make-up And Rinse Water To Increase Solution Life	1
				3.8113	Prevent Excessive Solvent Usage (operator Training)	6
				3.8114	Automate Paint Mixing-use Compressed Air Blowout For Line Cleaning Prior To Solvent Cleaning	0
				3.8115	Reduce The Number Of Parts Washers	1
			3.812	Emission Reduction		52
				3.8121	Cover Containers To Minimize Evaporative Losses	24
				3.8122	Use Tight-fitting Lids On Material Containers To Reduce Voc Emissions	6
				3.8124	Install Floating Covers On Tanks Of Volatile Materials To Reduce Evaporation	4
				3.8125	Remove Rollers From The Machines And Clean In A Closed Solvent Cleaner	17
				3.8126	Use Flue Gas Recuperation To Reduce Voc	1
			3.813	Material Replacement		163
				3.8131	Use Water-based Adhesives	7
				3.8132	Use Less Toxic And Volatile Solvent Substitutes	114
				3.8133	Convert To Aqueous Cleaning	17
				3.8134	Use Water-based Cutting Fluids To Eliminate Need For Solvent Cleaning	3
				3.8135	Use Low Voc Or Water Based Paint	4
				3.8136	Switch To A Solvent That Can Be Cleaned And Re-used	15
				3.8137	Use Soy Or Water-based Inks	3
			3.814	Solvent Recovery		159
				3.8141	Regenerate Cleaning Solvent On-site And Reuse	11
				3.8142	Distill Contaminated Solvents For Reuse	109
				3.8143	Recycle Cleaning Solvent And Reuse	39
		3.82	Other Solutions			59
			3.821	Water-based Substitutes		35
				3.8211	Convert To Aqueous Cleaning System	33
				3.8212	Use Water-based Image Processing Chemicals	0
				3.8213	Use Water Based Or Greaseless Binders To Increase Wheel Life	0
				3.8214	Use Water-based Developers And Finishers	2
			3.822	Other Substitutes		24
				3.8221	Use Alternatives For Acids / Alkaline (water, Steam, Abrasive)	7
				3.8222	Use Reactive Rinsing To Extend Bath Life	0
				3.8223	Use Non-phenolic Strippers To Reduce Toxicity Associated With Phenol And Acid Additives	0
				3.8224	Convert To Less Toxic Hydrocarbon Cleaners	14
				3.8225	Replace Hexavalent Chromium Solutions With Trivalent Solutions	2
				3.8226	Use Cyanide Free Solutions Whenever Possible	0
				3.8227	Replace Cadmium-based Solutions With Zinc Solutions	0
				3.8228	Replace Heavy Metal Reagents With Non-hazardous Reagents	1
		3.83	Solids			30
			3.831	General		30
				3.8311	Use Silver Free Films	0
				3.8312	Use Building Materials Which Require Less Energy To Produce	3
				3.8313	Alter Raw Materials To Reduce Air Emissions	3
				3.8314	Purchase High Materials In Returnable Bulk Containers	24
4	DIRECT PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENTS					5,692
	4.1	Manufacturing Enhancements				1,132
		4.11	Bottleneck Reduction			662
			4.111	Add Equipment/ Operators To Reduce Production Bottleneck		489
			4.112	Replace Old Machine With New Automatic Multi-station Tool		91
			4.113	Install Refrigeration System To Cool Product		23
			4.114	Add/modify Equipment To Improve Drying Process		57
		4.12	Defect Reduction			270
			4.121	Maintain Clean Conditions Before Painting		13
			4.122	Develop Standard Procedures To Improve Internal Yields		141
			4.123	Reduce Defects By Reducing Product Tipping		21
			4.124	Install Continuous Lubrication Equipment		6
			4.125	Modify Process To Reduce Material Costs		44
			4.126	Install Sensors To Detect Defects		46
		4.13	Material Reduction			202
			4.131	Modify Process To Reduce Material Use/cost		149
			4.132	Purchase New Equipment To Reduce Material Use / Cost		57
	4.2	Purchasing				311
		4.21	Raw Materials			209
			4.211	Consider Use / Purchase Of Bulk Materials Where Possible		112
			4.212	Adopt In-house Material Generation		65
			4.213	Purchase Material From Supplier In Customized Packaging		17
			4.214	Purchase Appropriately Sized Material		15
		4.22	Ancillary Materials			28
			4.221	Use Only Amount Of Packaging Material Necessary		11
			4.222	Purchase Re-conditioned Material Instead Of New		17
		4.23	Capital			74
			4.231	Purchase Equipment Instead Of Leasing		65
			4.232	Lease Equipment Instead Of Purchasing		9
	4.3	Inventory				297
		4.31	Just In Time			33
			4.311	Schedule Deliveries According To Demand		33
		4.32	Other Inventory Controls			264
			4.321	Optimize Production Lot Sizes And Inventories		109
			4.322	Eliminate Old Stock And Modify Inventory Control		127
			4.323	Optimize Lot Sizes To Reduce Inventory Carrying Costs		28
	4.4	Labor Optimization				1,687
		4.42	Practices/procedures			498
			4.421	Modify Current Incentive Program		75
			4.422	Utilize Outside Contracting		20
			4.423	Move Product Using Mechanical Means		159
			4.424	Improve Space Comfort Conditioning		127
			4.425	Eliminate/reduce Redundant Inspections		50
			4.426	Modify Workload		68
		4.43	Training			254
			4.431	Train Operators For Maximum Operating Efficiency		191
			4.432	Cross-train Personnel To Avoid Lost Time		63
		4.44	Automation			781
			4.441	Install Automatic Packing Equipment		299
			4.442	Install Magazines For Temporary Storage		11
			4.443	Install Automatic Boiler Fuel Feed System		5
			4.444	Install System To Collect Scrap		46
			4.445	Install Equipment To Move Product		216
			4.446	Automate Finishing Process		115
			4.447	Automate Payroll System		64
			4.448	Install Automatic Part Storage / Retreval System		26
		4.45	Scheduling			154
			4.451	Add Additional Production Shift		44
			4.452	Eliminate Shift		41
			4.453	Reschedule Breaks To Allow For Continuous Production		14
			4.454	Modify Startup/shutdown Times		56
		4.46	Maintenance			0
			4.461	Remove Hot Slag Before It Hardens		0
	4.5	Space Utilization				638
		4.51	Floor Layout			481
			4.511	Expand Operations Into Unused Space		47
			4.512	Condense Operation Into One Building		40
			4.513	Re-arrange Equipment Layout To Reduce Labor Costs		188
			4.514	Re-arrange Equipment Layout To Reduce Handling Costs		152
			4.515	Install Shelves / Racks To Utilize Unused Space		54
		4.52	Rental Space			157
			4.521	Clear And Rent Existing Space		113
			4.522	Modify Storage Space To Avoid Rental Of A Warehouse		44
	4.6	Reduction Of Downtime				1,129
		4.61	Maintenance			398
			4.611	Begin A Practice Of Predictive / Preventative Maintenance		396
			4.612	Contract Out Maintenance		3
		4.62	Quick Change			164
			4.621	Use Fixtures To Reduce Machine Changeout Times		56
			4.622	Install Rotating Carousels To Reduce Set-up Times		3
			4.623	Employ Modular Jigs To Reduce Process Set-up Time		17
			4.624	Hire Additional Personnel To Reduce Changeout Time		18
			4.625	Develop Standard Operating Procedures		70
		4.63	Power Conditioning			73
			4.631	Install An Uninteruptable Power Supply		32
			4.632	Change Operating Conditions		41
		4.64	Alarms			19
			4.641	Eliminate Shutdowns Of Controls Due To Overheating		4
			4.642	Install Sensors To Detect And Avoid Jams		15
		4.65	Other Equipment			475
			4.651	Install Back-up Equipment		52
			4.652	Replace Existing Equipment With More Suitable Substitutes		416
			4.653	Maintain/enlarge A Stock Of Spare Parts		9
	4.7	Management Practices				106
		4.71	Total Quality Management			82
			4.711	Initiate A Total Quality Management Program		79
			4.712	Utilize Job Costing Software		3
		4.72	Certifications			12
			4.721	Initiate A Program To Acquire Iso Certification		13
		4.73	Marketing			12
			4.731	Advertise Product Or Service		12
	4.8	Other Asministrative Savings				383
		4.81	Taxes			76
			4.811	Demolish Old Building To Reduce Tax And Insurance Bills		31
			4.812	Apply For Investment Incentives		46
		4.82	Fees			307
			4.821	Pay Bills On Time To Avoid Late Fees		308